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I．考查目標

一、基本要求
維和學(xué)基礎(chǔ)科目以“Core Pre-deployment Training Materials”（《部署前核心培訓(xùn)材料》）為考查重點，要求在已有關(guān)于聯(lián)合國維和行動初步常識的基礎(chǔ)上，了解開展維和行動中需要具備的基本條件和技能，準確領(lǐng)會聯(lián)合國以往維和行動中存在的問題，具備洞察聯(lián)合國和平行動未來的發(fā)展變化趨勢及面臨風(fēng)險的能力，并能夠從宏觀層面進行應(yīng)對措施設(shè)計。
二、具體內(nèi)容
需要認知和掌握的內(nèi)容包括沖突和平行動、維護和平的主要措施、不同類型的維和行動、開展和平行動應(yīng)該遵循的原則及相關(guān)事項、安理會授權(quán)及和平行動的實施框架、聯(lián)合國維和行動發(fā)揮作用的方式、與維和行動相關(guān)的國際法、維和行動中的人權(quán)保護、婦女和平與安全、保護兒童、與任務(wù)區(qū)同行精誠合作、遂行維和任務(wù)應(yīng)遵守的紀律、性剝削與性虐待、胡亂作為的后果、維和人員與各種疾病的預(yù)防和控制、和平行動安全保障與尊重多樣性等內(nèi)容。

II．考試形式和試卷結(jié)構(gòu)

一、試卷滿分及考試時間
試卷滿分150分，考試時間180分鐘
二、答題方式及語言
答題方式為閉卷，筆試；使用英語答題。
三、試卷內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)
Core Pre-deployment Training Materials，150分
四、試卷題型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.概念題，共8題，總分40分
2.簡答題，共4題，總分60分
3.論述題，共2題，總分50分
III．考查內(nèi)容
Core Pre-deployment Training Materials
1．INTRODUCTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING
1.1．The Purpose of the United Nations
1.2．The Main United Nations Bodies Involved in Peacekeeping
1.3．Secretariat Departments Directly Working with PKOs
2．THE SPECTRUM OF PEACE AND SECURITY ACTIVITIES
2.1．Conflict Prevention
2.2．Peacemaking
2.3．Peace Enforcement
2.4．Peacekeeping
2.5．Peacebuilding
3．DIFFERENT TYPES OF UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
3.1．Traditional Peacekeeping
3.2．Multidimensional Peacekeeping
3.3．Transitional Authority
3.4．Special Political Missions
4．FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
4.1．Consent
4.2．Impartiality
4.3．Non-use of Force
5．OTHER SUCCESS FACTORS
5.1．Credibility
5.2．Legitimacy
5.3．Promotion of National and Local Ownership
5.4．The Essential Qualities of a Peacekeeper
6．THE MANDATE
6.1　The Security Council Mandate
6.2　The Decision to Deploy a UN Peacekeeping Operation
6.3　The Process for the Establishment and Operationalization of Security Council Mandates
7．IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANDATE, TRANSITION, AND WITHDRAWAL
7.1　Implementing the Mandate
7.2　Transition and Withdrawal
7.3　Benchmarks
8．TRANSLATING SECURITY COUNCIL MANDATES INTO AN OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
8.1　Key Aspects of the Operational Framework
8.2　Key Operational Documents
8.3　Additional Documents
9．COMPONENTS OF A UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATION
9.1　Substantive and Support Components
9.2　Authority, Command, and Control
9.3　Management Structures
10．UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANT WORK OF OTHER SUBSTANTIVE COMPONENTS
10.1　The Military Component
10.2　The Police Component
10.3　The Civilian Component
11．INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
11.1　Whom International Humanitarian Law Protects
11.2　Essential Rules of International Humanitarian Law
11.3　Who is Bound by International Humanitarian Law
12．INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
12.1　Definition of Human Rights
12.2　Human Rights Most Frequently at Risk in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
12.3　Application of International Human Rights Law
12.4　Refugee Law and Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced Persons
13．THE HUMAN RIGHTS BASE LINE
13.1　Linkages Between Human Rights, Security, and Development
13.2　UN Policy on Human Rights in Integrated Missions
13.3　Applying Human Rights in Peacekeeping
14．HUMAN RIGHTS IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
14.1　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
14.2　Human Rights Roles in the Context of Peacekeeping Operations
14.3　Other Mission Components Contributing to Human Rights
14.4　UN Police and Human Rights
14.5　Military Peacekeepers and Human Rights
15．THE ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN
15.1　Exploring the Roles of Men and Women
15.2　The Impact of Conflict on Men and Women
16．WHAT PEACEKEEPING PERSONNEL CAN DO
16.1　Changes in Responsibilities
16.2　Reintegration of Combatants
16.3　Displacement
16.4　Violence Against Civilians and Sexual Violence
16.5　Collapse of Law and Order
16.6　Collapse of Public Services and Infrastructure
17．PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
17.1　All Children Have Human Rights
17.2　The Protection of Children Under International Human Rights Law
17.3　The Impact of Conflict on Children
17.4　Child Soldiers in Armed Conflict
17.5　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
18．THE INTEGRATED APPROACH IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PEACEKEEPING
18.1　Mission Partners
18.2　Benefits of Cooperation with the UN Country Team
18.3　The Integrated Approach and Multidimensional Peacekeeping Operations
18.4　National Partners
19．HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION
19.1　International and Regional Non-UN Partners
19.2　Collaboration with the Humanitarian Community
19.3　What Peacekeeping Personnel Can Do
20．INTRODUCTION TO CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE
20.1　Standards of Conduct
20.2　Definitions of Misconduct
20.3　Reporting Misconduct
20.4　Leadership and Accountability on Conduct
21．SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE (SEA)
21.1　Definitions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)
21.2　Uniform Standards on SEA
21.3　Examples and Misconduct Scenarios
22．THE CONSEQUENCES OF MISCONDUCT
22.1　Consequences of Misconduct
23.2　Measures and Mechanisms to Address Misconduct
24．AWARENESS AND PREVENTION OF HIV/AIDS
24.1　Definitions
24.2　How HIV/AIDS is Spread
24.3　Prevention
25． INTRODUCTION TO RESPECT FOR DIVERSITY
25.1　What is Diversity
25.2　UN Core Values on Respect for Diversity
25.3　Common Differences and Practicing Respect
26．SECURITY MANAGEMENT
26.1　Legal Basis
26.2　Peacekeeping Security Management..
26.3　The Security Level System
26.4　Role of Military and Civilian Police
27．SAFETY MANAGEMENT
27.1　Key Aspects of Safety
27.2　Road Safety
27.3　DPKO Safety Council
28． HEALTH
28.1　Personal Hygiene and Food Hygiene
28.2　Access to Health Information Prior to Deployment
29．FIRST AID
29.1　Safety Fundamentals
29.2　Basis for Successful First Aid
29.3　Sustainment Phase
30．STRESS MANAGEMENT
30.1　What is Stress and Stress Management
30.2　Types of Stress
30.3　Preparing for Stress

IV．參考試卷

一、概念題（共8題，總分40分）
例1.The basic guiding peacekeeping principles.
二、簡答題（共4題，總分60分）
例1. What is peacekeeping?
三、論述題（共2題，總分50分）
例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?
V．參考答案

一、概念題（共8題，總分40分）
例1.The basic guiding peacekeeping principles.
The possible answer:
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: （1′） Consent of the parties; （1′） Impartiality; （1′） Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. （2′）
二、簡答題（共4題，總分60分）
例1. What is peacekeeping?
The possible answer.
United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. （3′）
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.  （3′）
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates. （5′）
UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. （4′）
三、論述題（共2題，總分50分）
例1. How do you think of the UN peacekeeping?
The possible answer.
United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace. （2′）
Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace.  （2′）
Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates. （3′）
UN Peacekeepers provide security and the political and peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. （3′）
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties; Impartiality; Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate. (3′)
Peacekeeping is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many configurations. There are currently 16 UN peacekeeping operations deployed on four continents. （3′）
Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law. （3′）
Success is never guaranteed, because UN Peacekeeping almost by definition goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, we have built up a demonstrable record of success over our 60 years of existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize. （3′）
Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new challenges. Recently, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon established a 17-member High-level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations to make a comprehensive assessment of the state of UN peace operations today, and the emerging needs of the future. （3′）

VI．參考書目

Core Pre-deployment Training Materials [First edition]. Harvey J. Langholtz, Ph.D. Peace Operations Training Institute. March 2014